Semaglutide, also known as Ozempic, Wegovy, and Rybelsus, has gained popularity in recent years as a “miracle” weight loss drug. It is a long-acting Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist and is registered for use in South Africa as an antidiabetic agent. However, due to its popularity as a weight loss agent, it has been used off-label for the treatment of obesity.
In this article, we will discuss the facts surrounding semaglutide and the risks and benefits of using it as a weight loss agent. Obesity is a global problem that significantly increases morbidity and mortality and is associated with conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coronary artery disease. Therefore, addressing obesity is an important health goal.
Semaglutide works by increasing insulin secretion (which lowers blood sugar), decreasing glucagon secretion (which increases blood sugar), slowing down stomach emptying, and acting in areas of the brain involved in appetite and caloric intake regulation. These mechanisms contribute to the weight loss observed with the use of this drug.
In the United States, Semaglutide has been approved by the FDA in the form of Wegovy. Drug therapy can be beneficial in managing obesity and may be considered for individuals with a BMI above 30 kg/m^2 or a BMI of 27 to 29.9 kg/m^2 with weight-related comorbidities, who have not achieved adequate weight loss (about 5% over 3-6 months) through lifestyle modifications. Randomized controlled trials have shown that Semaglutide is effective in promoting weight loss compared to a placebo. It is important to note that weight regain has been associated with shorter treatment durations and discontinuation of treatment.
It is crucial to consider the risks and benefits of any medication on an individual basis. Semaglutide is a costly drug and may be unaffordable for most individuals. Additionally, adverse side effects, such as gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation, are commonly associated with its use. Other serious but less common side effects include gallstone disease, pancreatitis, and kidney injury.
Therefore, it is important to carefully evaluate the risks and benefits of using drug therapy for weight loss under the guidance of your doctor.